Cambridge University study suggests that 14-year-olds who spend even an hour a day watching TV or online fall behind peers
‘Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.’Albert Einstein
On Saturday, I read a report in The Guardian with the title: Teenagers who watch screens in free time ‘do worse in GCSEs’. This study, undertaken in Cambridge was published last week and provides an interesting snapshot of the influence that screen time has in terms of academic success at GCSE. By screen time, I am referring to watching TV or movies and playing online games.
If you would like to read the article for yourself it is on the Guardian website: http://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/sep/04/teenagers-who-watch-screens-in-free-time-do-worse-in-gcses
Now, I am not the sort of person who simply believes what I read in the newspapers! If I see something, I ask- who wrote this; where is the evidence; what is the back ground to this story? So, I found the original research, which was published in The International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity. The lead author is Kirsten Corder from Cambridge University and for those of you interested in reading the whole paper; it is available here: http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/12/1/106.
As an educator, I am very keen to keep up to date with new research, and this particularly caught my eye as we are all aware that young people spend much of their free time in front of screens in this day and age. The good news for me is that the study clearly shows the benefits of reading and self-study, whilst highlighting the detrimental effect of screen time on academic performance. However, I was surprised and a little shocked by the extreme effect increased screen time has in lower grades at GCSE.
Just to clarify, GCSEs are the UK equivalent of the IGCSEs our students prepare for during the first two years of High School. The ‘I’ is simply international; the courses are equivalent levels.
The research from Cambridge University suggests that 14-year-olds who spend an hour a day on screens during their leisure time score nine fewer points at GCSE when the sum of their grades is calculated – the equivalent of dropping two grades from a B to a D. Two extra hours results in 18 fewer points at GCSE. The length of time children spend watching screens is frequently a battleground in families, with parents increasingly powerless to control their children’s viewing – which has moved beyond TVs and computers, on to smart phones and iPads.
But on the strength of their findings, the authors suggest that parents who are concerned about their children’s GCSE results should consider limiting their time on screens. The researchers, led by the Medical Research Council epidemiology unit at Cambridge, studied 845 pupils from secondary schools in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk.
They measured levels of activity and sedentary behaviour at the age of 14, then compared this with their performance at GCSE. Additionally, they asked pupils to assess the amount of time they spent doing homework and reading for pleasure.
Unsurprisingly perhaps, the study found that pupils who did an extra hour of daily homework and reading performed significantly better at GCSE than their peers, achieving on average 23.1 more GCSE points. A child’s level of physical activity appeared to have no effect – good or ill – on academic performance, though previous studies have found a beneficial effect in some subjects.
“Spending more time in front of a screen appears to be linked to a poorer performance at GCSE,” said report author Kirsten Corder. “We only measured this behaviour with pupils aged 14 and 15, but this is likely to be a reliable snapshot of participants’ usual behaviour, so we can reasonably suggest that screen time may be damaging to a teenager’s grades. Further research is needed to confirm this effect conclusively, but parents who are concerned about their child’s GCSE grades might consider limiting his or her screen time.”
For me, as Head of High School and Head of English at Avenor College, these results are compelling; not only because of the negative effect of screen time, but also because of the very strong evidence that homework and reading for pleasure are critical factors in educational success.
Reading for pleasure, in the mother tongue and in English, is something that we need to encourage our children do to. In the coming weeks, I will share some recommended reading for older children and teenagers, and I would welcome any suggestions that any of you would like to share with me.
Finally, our policy of encouraging students to do homework is clearly shown to be good practice. Life is all about balance, and our children need leisure time, of course. However, when you see that one extra hour of reading or homework per day can have such profound effects on results, I am sure that you will agree that this is something we should be encouraging our children to do.
Denise Trickett, September 2015
